{"id":1897,"date":"2021-06-15T16:13:20","date_gmt":"2021-06-15T21:13:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/colombianadetrasplantes.com\/web\/?p=1897"},"modified":"2024-12-06T16:04:30","modified_gmt":"2024-12-06T21:04:30","slug":"rechazo-de-organo-en-que-consiste-y-cuales-son-los-sintomas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/colombianadetrasplantes.com\/web\/viviendo-con-un-trasplante\/rechazo-de-organo-en-que-consiste-y-cuales-son-los-sintomas\/","title":{"rendered":"Rechazo de \u00f3rgano: en qu\u00e9 consiste y cu\u00e1les son los s\u00edntomas"},"content":{"rendered":"

El cuerpo humano tiene la capacidad de actuar con su sistema de defensas contra enfermedades infecciosas (bacterias, virus, hongos) y el desarrollo de tumores. Esto gracias a que identifica la presencia de agentes externos y desencadena una respuesta inmunol\u00f3gica. Pero, este sistema de defensa en algunas ocasiones puede afectar al \u00f3rgano trasplantado y causar el rechazo del trasplante.<\/p>\n

La inmunidad puede ser innata y adaptativa; la innata es heredada de padres a hijos, no aprende nada nuevo y genera defensas por medio de un sistema celular de monocitos, macr\u00f3fagos, neutr\u00f3filos, entre otros, que tiene codificados sus receptores de identificaci\u00f3n de agentes extra\u00f1os y est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ado para reaccionar ante elementos de riesgo infeccioso o tumoral.<\/p>\n

La inmunidad adaptativa es aprendida, lo que significa que el cuerpo necesita enfrentarse previamente a ciertos elementos (ant\u00edgenos). Asimismo aprende a reconocerlos como extra\u00f1os y posteriormente a reaccionar con una respuesta inmunol\u00f3gica secundaria. Es importante resaltar que esta inmunidad no es transmitida por los padres.<\/p>\n

Igualmente, en respuesta a la presencia de un cuerpo externo, el sistema inmune procede a afectar inmediatamente con los anticuerpos que produce. Adem\u00e1s, act\u00faa de forma efectiva contra pat\u00f3genos que pueden liberar toxinas, microorganismos y c\u00e9lulas cancer\u00edgenas.<\/p>\n

En el caso de un paciente trasplantado se puede presentar una situaci\u00f3n similar, ocasionando el rechazo del trasplante<\/strong>. Los pacientes que han recibido un trasplante de \u00f3rganos<\/a><\/strong> son medicados con inmunosupresores o medicamentos antirechazo. Lo anterior se hace con el objetivo de evitar que el sistema inmune ataque el \u00f3rgano trasplantado.<\/p>\n

\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo se produce un rechazo de trasplante?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Luego del trasplante de \u00f3rgano se realiza terapia de manera permanente para prevenir el rechazo del \u00f3rgano trasplantado. Se produce rechazo al suspenderse la medicaci\u00f3n o cuando los niveles de medicamentos son bajos. Todo dado por alguna condici\u00f3n m\u00e9dica que amerite reducir la dosis.<\/p>\n

Tipos de rechazo de \u00f3rgano<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Existen tres\u00a0tipos de rechazo de trasplante<\/strong>, los s\u00edntomas son similares. Sin embargo, var\u00eda el tiempo que se tardan en aparecer. A continuaci\u00f3n te los mencionamos:<\/p>\n

\u2022 Rechazo hiperagudo: <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Se presenta al poco tiempo de realizar el trasplante. Incluso unos minutos despu\u00e9s del procedimiento quir\u00fargico. Eso s\u00ed, el peligro para el paciente es alto, ya que su vida puede estar en riesgo. Por lo cual, el \u00f3rgano debe retirarse de inmediato.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Rechazo agudo:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Es un tipo de rechazo en cualquier momento del trasplante de \u00f3rganos, y con diferente severidad.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Rechazo cr\u00f3nico:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Es producto de un rechazo permanente por parte del sistema inmune al \u00f3rgano trasplantado. Puede durar a\u00f1os y con el tiempo ir\u00e1 da\u00f1ando los tejidos del nuevo \u00f3rgano.<\/p>\n

S\u00edntomas del rechazo de trasplante<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Cuando se presenta un\u00a0rechazo de trasplante\u00a0<\/strong>por parte del sistema inmunol\u00f3gico es probable que se hayan s\u00edntomas como disminuci\u00f3n del volumen urinario o dolor en sitio del trasplante. Eso s\u00ed, se puede corroborar con revisi\u00f3n de la funci\u00f3n renal con pruebas de creatinina (para trasplante renal). Y, en el caso de elevaci\u00f3n significativa, el \u00f3rgano trasplantado ser\u00e1 llevado a biopsia.<\/p>\n

Ante cualquier complicaci\u00f3n o malestar tras recibir el trasplante de \u00f3rgano, es necesario dirigirse a un centro m\u00e9dico para recibir diagn\u00f3stico. Y, de ser necesario, recibir el debido tratamiento.<\/p>\n

\u00bfExiste tratamiento para el rechazo de \u00f3rgano?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

S\u00ed. Previo al inicio del tratamiento del rechazo del trasplante el paciente se practica biopsia del \u00f3rgano. Y, de acuerdo a la clasificaci\u00f3n del rechazo, condiciones m\u00e9dicas del paciente y evoluci\u00f3n de la funci\u00f3n del injerto el m\u00e9dico, se define el tratamiento a seguir.<\/p>\n

Si tienes alguna duda puedes comunicarte con nosotros a trav\u00e9s de nuestra l\u00ednea gratuita a nivel nacional 01 8000 180 280, WhatsApp: +57 320 871 8677 o p\u00e1gina web. Somos un\u00a0centro de trasplante de \u00f3rganos<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0especializado con reconocimiento a nivel nacional.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cuando una persona se realiza un trasplante de \u00f3rgano requiere de mucha atenci\u00f3n. Esto es as\u00ed porque debe evitarse al m\u00e1ximo que el cuerpo rechace el trasplante. En esta nota te compartimos en qu\u00e9 consiste esta situaci\u00f3n y cu\u00e1les son sus s\u00edntomas para que no pases por esto.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1900,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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